Citron melon, also known as makataan or wild watermelon, is a staple in various food gardens across South Africa. This resilient fruit offers diverse uses from culinary to traditional healing practices. Agronomist Mandisa Mazibuko notes its application by traditional healers in treating hypertension and highlights its nutritional profile, including vitamins A and C, potassium, and antioxidants like lycopene. These components contribute to hydration, cardiovascular health, and immune support.
In Sudan, citron melon is utilized for addressing gout and inflammation. Its seeds, rich in oil, protein, healthy fats, and minerals, are consumed for appetite enhancement and digestive health. Mazibuko emphasizes its potential benefits for those managing blood sugar levels due to its lower sugar content compared to sweet watermelons.
Moxolo Mtumtum, an agricultural scientist, underscores citron melon's economic importance for small-scale farmers in South Africa. It thrives in warm, sandy regions, notably in the Kgalagadi region of the Northern Cape, and is cultivated across Mpumalanga, North West, Limpopo, KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Western Cape, and Eastern Cape.
The crop demands a hot growing season of 90–130 days, performing well in soils with pH levels between 5.0 and 8.0, though optimal growth occurs at pH 6.0 to 7.0. Mtumtum highlights its adaptability to low-fertility soils, with literature suggesting improved yields through fertilization. Citron melon's drought tolerance is attributed to its root morphogenesis, requiring minimal water but benefiting from an annual rainfall of 600–1200 mm for optimal fruit production.
Mtumtum advises that citron melon is sensitive to high humidity and low temperatures, which can lead to leaf diseases. Ideal growing conditions range from 20°C to 30°C, with optimal fruit development at 30°C to 35°C. She suggests planting in the western region of the Eastern Cape during the summer months when temperatures are conducive to growth.
Source: Health For Mzansi