In 2024, Belarus emerged as the leading supplier of potatoes to the Russian market, exporting nearly 194,000 tonnes, according to Sputnik.by. Egypt followed with 75,300 tonnes, generating $47.9 million in revenue, while China ranked third with 46,700 tonnes, their first time entering the top three since 2019. Other notable exporters included Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Kazakhstan.
Despite this strong export performance, Belarus is now grappling with a domestic potato shortage. According to the article, the issue is rooted in a combination of strategic missteps, logistics failures, and climate-related challenges.
Belarus is traditionally among the world's top 20 potato producers. With an annual output of 6–7 million tonnes, the country typically exceeds domestic demand and maintains a strong export presence, especially to Russia.
However, experts note a growing imbalance. As of mid-April 2025, national reserves had fallen to just 4,000 tonnes, only half of the monthly domestic requirement. The Ministry of Agriculture holds an additional 5,700 tonnes, but together these stocks fall short of ensuring supply until the next harvest.
The article states that increased exports amid a significant price gap—30–40% higher in Russia- have incentivized producers to prioritize foreign markets. In 2024 alone, Belarus exported a record 120,000 tonnes to Russia, with a further 18% year-on-year increase in Q1 2025.
Meanwhile, extreme heat in summer 2024 reduced yields by up to 25% in some regions. Storage infrastructure remains outdated, leading to up to 15% post-harvest losses. Inadequate logistics and poor regional distribution further compound the problem.
According to experts cited in the article, short-term solutions may include restricting exports and increasing government procurement. Long-term, Belarus must modernize storage facilities and incentivize local supply to prevent future shortages.
As prices rise to 30% year-over-year in some areas, the situation highlights the fragile balance between profitable exports and domestic food security.
Source: www.ixbt.com